Advances in Progressive Lens Design
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1. Progressive addition lenses were first patented in 1907 but not manufactured until:
A. 1910
B. 1917
C. 1959
D. 1969

2. A lens with progressive curves on the backside of the lens is known as:
A. Double-concave progressive
B. External progressive
C. Blended progressive
D. Internal progressive

3. The area of a progressive lens most directly affected when the progressive surface is on the front side of the lens is:
A. The near or reading area
B. The intermediate or progressive channel area
C. The far or distance area
D. All of the above

4. An internal progressive provides a __________ field of view than a conventional progressive.
A. Narrower
B. Wider
C. Shorter
D. Longer

5. As the index of refraction of a lens material for a progressive increases, so does the amount of:
A. Power error
B. Off-center astigmatism
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above

6. An internal progressive lens provides aspheric compensation for:
A. The sphere power
B. The cylinder power
C. The add power
D. All of the above

7. In conventional external PALs, the front base curve is selected to match:
A. The patient's exact prescription
B. The patient's prescription within + or - 0.25D
C. The patient's prescription within a several diopter
range of powers
D. Base curve selection is not important

8. Progressive designs that are asymmetric are:
A. Designed differently for each add power
B. Designed differently for left and right lenses
C. Designed differently for plus or minus powers
D. For small frames

9. The differing magnification experienced with external PALs comes from differences in:
A. Refractive index
B. Front surface curves and changing powers
in the channel and add
C. Add power
D. The front base curve

10. Internal PALs can be fit with the fitting cross as low as:
A. 24mm
B. 20mm
C. 16mm
D. 12mm

11. In internal PALs, which curve(s) are aspherized:
A. The front curve
B. The backside sphere curve
C. The backside cylinder curve
D. All backside curves

12. What is the ES measurement that is required when ordering plus corrections for internal progressives:
A. ES is the distance from the fitting cross to the
center of the lens
B. ES is the distance from the eye point (fitting cross)
to the furthest point of the lens shape
C. ES is the frame PD less the patient PD
D. ES is the distance from the left fitting cross to
the right fitting cross

13. Internal PALs can be surfaced by:
A. Any full service lab
B. Only authorized labs
C. Only by the manufacturer
D. b) and c)

14. Observing the manufacturer's recommended minimum fitting height is:
A. Only important with external PALs
B. Only important with internal PALs
C. Only important with strong add powers
D. Critical when fitting any progressive lens

15. Which of the following is NOT required when ordering internal PALs:
A. Frame PD
B. B measurement of the frame
C. Height of the fitting cross
D. Base curve to be used